The body produces picolinic acid as a mechanism to improve the assimilation of trace minerals at the cellular level. Fully reacted chromium in picolinate form saves the body a metabolic step and improves the rate of absorption. Studies have shown chromium picolinate supplementation to improve metabolism as well as to lower blood serum cholesterol and glucose levels. Chromium enhances the ability of insulin to lower serum glucose levels; this has a favourable effect on the development of coronary heart disease, as diabetes is a major risk factor.

Athletes that train extensively should also consider supplementation, as excessive excretion through perspiration can lead to a deficiency.